Do you know how to produce napkin tissue paper?

Napkin paper production combines natural fibers, modern engineering, and quality control to create the soft, absorbent sheets we use daily. Here's how manufacturers transform raw materials into finished napkins:

**1. Raw Material Preparation**
The process begins with wood pulp (virgin or recycled) dissolved in water to create a fiber slurry. For premium "3-ply" napkins, multiple pulp layers are combined. Bamboo, sugarcane bagasse, or cotton fibers may supplement wood pulp for eco-friendly variations.

**2. Pulp Processing**
The slurry undergoes:
- *Cleaning*: Removal of debris through centrifugal screens
- *Bleaching*: Hydrogen peroxide whitening (chlorine-free methods for eco-labels)
- *Additives*: Incorporation of wet-strength resins and softening agents

**3. Paper Sheet Formation**
Using Fourdrinier machines:
1) Slurry spreads onto moving mesh screens
2) Water drains via vacuum suction
3) Felt blankets absorb residual moisture
4) Steam-heated cylinders (dryers) reduce moisture to 5-8%

**4. Embossing & Perforation**
Napkins pass through steel rollers:
- *Embossing rolls*: Create decorative patterns/textures
- *Perforation blades*: Add tear lines between napkins
Controlled pressure (20-40 psi) ensures consistent depth.

**5. Converting Process**
Automated machines:
1) Cut master rolls into specified widths (21cm/25cm/33cm)
2) Fold using "C-fold" or "Z-fold" patterns
3) Stack in predetermined counts (100/200/500 per pack)

**6. Sterilization & Packaging**
- UV-C light treatment eliminates microbes
- Sealed in polypropylene wrap with desiccant packets
- Optional: Eco-packaging using PLA bioplastics

**Quality Control Checkpoints**
- *Absorbency*: Must absorb 3x weight in 30s (ASTM D8247)
- *Burst strength*: Minimum 200 kPa (ISO 12625-8)
- *Brightness*: 85-92% measured by spectrophotometer

**Sustainability Measures**
Modern plants implement:
- Closed-loop water systems (up to 90% reuse)
- Waste pulp recycling into egg cartons/moldings
- Biomass boilers using production waste as fuel

**Production Capacity**
A mid-sized line processes 2-5 tons/hour, yielding approximately:
- 400,000 dinner napkins (33x33cm)
- 1.2 million cocktail napkins (13x13cm)

RAW MATERIALS
│
▼
Pulp Preparation → Cleaning → Bleaching → Additives
│
▼
Paper Sheet Formation (Fourdrinier Machine)
│
▼
Embossing & Perforation
│
▼
Cutting → Folding → Stacking
│
▼
Sterilization → Packaging
```

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### **2. Quality Control Metrics Table**
| **Parameter** | **Test Method** | **Standard** |
|----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| Absorbency Capacity | ASTM D8247 | ≥3x self-weight in 30s|
| Burst Strength | ISO 12625-8 | ≥200 kPa |
| Brightness | ISO 2470-1 | 85-92% |
| Microbial Limits | USP <62> | <100 CFU/g |

---

### **3. Raw Material Composition** (Pie Chart Concept)
**Typical Virgin Pulp Napkin Composition**
- **Softwood Pulp**: 60% (e.g., pine, spruce)
- **Hardwood Pulp**: 30% (e.g., eucalyptus, birch)
- **Additives**: 10% (wet-strength resins, softeners)

**Eco-Friendly Alternative**
- **Recycled Pulp**: 50%
- **Bamboo/Sugarcane**: 40%
- **Cotton Linters**: 10%

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### **4. Production Capacity Bar Chart**
**Output per Hour (Mid-Sized Line):**
| Napkin Type | Quantity |
|----------------------|-------------------|
| Dinner Napkins | 400,000 units |
| Cocktail Napkins | 1,200,000 units |
| Facial Tissue Packs | 250,000 packs |

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### **5. Sustainability Metrics** (Infographic Style)
**Water Recycling System**
```
Fresh Water Input → Pulp Processing → Wastewater Treatment →
▼
90% Recycled Back to Production
▼
10% Discharged (pH 6-8, TSS <50mg/L)
```

**Energy Efficiency**
- Biomass Boilers: 65% of energy needs
- Solar Panels: 20%
- Grid Power: 15%

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### **6. Embossing Patterns** (Visual Icons)
Common Designs: