The manufacturing process of hand towels

How Hand Towels Are Produced: A Step-by-Step Guide

Hand towels, also known as paper towels, are essential hygiene products widely used in homes, restaurants, and public facilities. Their production involves a carefully controlled industrial process to ensure softness, absorbency, and strength. Below is an overview of the manufacturing stages:

1. Raw Material Preparation
The process begins with pulp, typically sourced from:
- Virgin wood pulp: Softwood (e.g., pine) for strength, and hardwood (e.g., eucalyptus) for softness.
- Recycled paper: Environmentally friendly option requiring de-inking and sterilization.
The pulp is mixed with water to create a slurry (99% water, 1% fiber).

2. Paper Formation
- The slurry is fed into a paper machine:
- Headbox: Distributes the mixture evenly onto a moving mesh screen.
- Wire Section: Water drains through the mesh, forming a wet paper web.
- Press Section :Rollers remove additional moisture.
- Yankee Dryer: A heated cylinder dries the paper to 95% dryness while creping it for texture.

3. Embossing and Perforation
- Embossing Rolls: Create patterns that enhance aesthetics and improve absorbency.
- Perforation Blades: Add micro-cuts at regular intervals (typically 11" or 22") for easy tearing.

4. Converting Process
- Jumbo Rolls: The dried paper is wound into large parent rolls (1-2 meters wide).
- Rewinding: Rolls are split into smaller widths using log saws.
- Folding & Cutting (for folded towels):
- Accordion-style folding machines create interleaved sheets.
- Guillotine cutters trim to final dimensions.

5. Quality Control
Key parameters are tested:
- Absorbency: Measured in grams of water absorbed per gram of towel.
- Tensile Strength: Resistance to tearing when wet/dry.
- Basis Weight: Standard range: 30-50 g/m².

6. Packaging
- Automated systems count and stack towels.
- Options include:
- Pop-up dispensers for folded sheets
- Coreless rolls for eco-friendly designs
- Antimicrobial treatments (optional)

7. Sustainability Measures
Modern facilities implement:
- Closed-loop water systems
- Biomass-powered dryers
- Recyclable packaging materials

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Final Product Specifications
- Sheet count per roll: 150-300
- Ply options: 1-ply to 3-ply
- Absorption capacity: 15-25 g water/g towel

This streamlined process allows manufacturers to produce over 50,000 tons of paper towels annually while meeting strict hygiene and environmental standards.

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